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Using logic gates to control stepper motors
Another approach to operating unipolar stepper motors is to use discrete gates and clock ICs. You can assemble a stepper motor translator circuit using just two IC packages. The circuit can be constructed using TTL or CMOS chips.

The TTL version is shown in Fig. 19.8 (refer to the parts list in Table 19.2). Four Exclusive OR gates from a single 7486 IC provide the steering logic. You set the direction by pulling pin 12 HIGH or LOW. The stepping actuation is controlled by a 7476, which contains two JK flip-flops. The Q and ‘Q outputs of the flip-flops control the phasing of the motor. Stepping is accomplished by triggering the clock inputs of both flip-flops.

The 7476 can’t directly power a stepper motor. You must use power transistors or MOSFETs to drive the windings of the motor. See the section titled “Translator Enhancements” for a complete power driving schematic as well as other options you can add to this circuit.

The CMOS version, shown in Fig. 19.9 (refer to the parts list in Table 19.3), is identical to the TTL version, except that a 4070 chip is used for the Exclusive OR gates and a 4027 is used for the flip-flops. The pinouts are slightly different, so follow the correct schematic for the type of chips you use. Note that another CMOS Exclusive OR package, the 4030, is also available.

Don’t use this chip; it behaved erratically in this, as well as other pulsed, circuits. In both the TTL and CMOS circuits, the stepper motor itself can be opera

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